![]() ![]() Jonathan Loc, a graduate student at Harvard who helped organize teach-ins in support of affirmative action, said that for students of color, it’s impossible to speak about their lives without mentioning race, whether through hardships faced or simply their pride in their cultural heritage. Policies were also created to promote greater inclusion of women. In the 1960s and 1970s, many colleges developed affirmative action plans to address the fact that many predominantly white schools struggled to attract people from historically disadvantaged and underrepresented communities. “This is a long tactic of conservative, white supremacist-leaning groups to use education and limit Black people’s access to education, as a way to further control and oppress us.” “This is white supremacy at work,” Green said. ![]() Critics say opposition to such programs is rooted in questions of fairness and in white grievances over the advancement of nonwhite people. Green said she sees both court cases as connected to conservative attacks on diversity, equity and inclusion programs. Some of that was erased under a public service forgiveness program when she completed two terms with Americorps, and she whittled it down further with monthly installments until the government paused repayment due to the pandemic. Green, who grew up in a low-income household in Harlem, New York, graduated from Rochester with about $40,000 in federal loan debt. The two court challenges, she said, can be seen “as linked backlash to two attempts towards racial justice.” “These are policy tools that have an explicit aim around reducing the power of white supremacy,” Baker said. ![]() In a study published in 2019, Baker found states were more likely to adopt bans on affirmative action when white enrollment at public flagship universities dropped. Backlash to racial progress tends to follow periods of social change and advancement, Baker said. ![]()
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